1、墻面平整度檢查

　　刮膩?zhàn)忧皯?yīng)測量墻面的平整度（用2m以上檢測尺），以確定要刮膩?zhàn)拥姆椒āＲ话銐γ婀?遍膩?zhàn)蛹纯桑饶苷移剑帜苷肿〉咨Ｆ秸容^差的墻面需要在局部多刮幾遍。如果平整度出彩差或墻面傾斜嚴(yán)重，可考慮先刮一遍找平石膏進(jìn)行找平，之后再刮膩?zhàn)印Ｃ勘槟佔(zhàn)优蔚拈g隔時間應(yīng)在2小時以上（表干以后）。

1. Wall flatness inspectionBefore applying putty, the flatness of the wall should be measured (using a measuring ruler of 2m or longer) to determine the method of applying putty. Generally, applying putty twice to the wall is sufficient, which can both level the surface and cover the underlying color. For walls with poor flatness, additional coats may be required in certain areas. If the flatness is extremely poor or the wall is severely tilted, consider applying a layer of leveling plaster first for leveling, and then applying putty. The interval between each coat of putty should be more than 2 hours (after the surface dries).

2、選擇耐水膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　821是被命令限制使用的膩?zhàn)悠贩N，它不耐水、不結(jié)實(shí)、易起皮、開裂，很多工人為增加821的結(jié)實(shí)程度經(jīng)常向其中添加白乳膠、108膠等膠水，為健康留下了隱患。耐水膩?zhàn)硬淮嬖谏鲜鲲L(fēng)險，它結(jié)實(shí)、耐水、兌水即可使用無需明顯膠水、長期使用不需鏟除（10-20年），是真正能夠達(dá)到“一次施工長期受益”的產(chǎn)品。所以在選用膩?zhàn)拥耐瑫r，一定要綜合多方面因素的考慮，現(xiàn)在 產(chǎn)品很多，但對于刮膩?zhàn)觼碚f，要選擇不僅能夠很好的粘結(jié)，還能在平整墻面的同時使其干凈潔白。

2. Choose water-resistant putty. 821 is a type of putty that is restricted by order due to its poor water resistance, lack of durability, and tendency to peel and crack. Many workers often add white latex, 108 glue, and other adhesives to 821 to increase its durability, posing health hazards. Water-resistant putty does not have the aforementioned risks. It is durable, water-resistant, and can be used directly with water without any adhesives. It does not need to be removed after long-term use (10-20 years), making it a product that truly achieves "long-term benefits from one application". Therefore, when choosing putty, it is important to consider various factors comprehensively. There are many products available, but for puttying, it is necessary to choose one that not only adheres well but also levels the wall surface while keeping it clean and white.

3、石膏粗打底

　　耐水膩?zhàn)訂未耸┕げ荒芄蔚锰瘢駝t會在干燥過程中開裂，這是其美中不足的地方。因此，平整度較差時就需要多次施工，甚至用石膏先粗粗打一遍厚底才行。

3. Rough plastering with gypsum board. Water-resistant putty cannot be applied too thickly in a single application, as it may crack during the drying process, which is a minor flaw. Therefore, multiple applications are necessary when the flatness is poor, and it may even be necessary to apply a rough layer of gypsum board as a thick base first.

4、膩?zhàn)优渲?/p>

　　攪拌耐水膩?zhàn)訒r，應(yīng)按粉：水=2：1左右的比例配置，用電鉆先攪拌一遍，基本均勻后放置10分鐘左右，再用電鉆充分?jǐn)嚢瑁@時便可以使用了。

4. Putty preparation When mixing water-resistant putty, prepare it at a ratio of approximately 2 parts powder to 1 part water. First, use an electric drill to mix the ingredients together. After achieving basic uniformity, let it sit for about 10 minutes. Then, use the electric drill to mix it thoroughly. At this point, the putty is ready for use.

5、找平石膏

　　嚴(yán)格說，找平石膏也算是一種膩?zhàn)樱闹饕煞质鞘啵砻孑^粗，適用于底層的厚找平，單次找平厚度可以達(dá)到5mm左右。好的找平石膏一定是具有一定耐水性，而且比耐水膩?zhàn)诱辰訌?qiáng)度還要高的產(chǎn)品，只有這樣才能**在長期使用中不出問題。石膏與膩?zhàn)拥氖┕し椒ㄏ嗨疲?.不同的就是石膏一般一遍即可，而且干燥凝固速度較快。

5. Leveling PlasterStrictly speaking, leveling plaster can also be considered as a type of putty, but its main component is gypsum, and its surface is relatively coarse, making it suitable for thick leveling of the substrate. The thickness of a single leveling can reach about 5mm. A good leveling plaster must have a certain water resistance, and it should have a higher bonding strength than water-resistant putty. Only in this way can it **avoid problems during long-term use. The construction methods of gypsum and putty are similar,.. The difference is that gypsum generally requires only one application, and it dries and sets faster.

6、打磨膩?zhàn)?/p>

　　耐水膩?zhàn)油耆蠌?qiáng)度之后（5-7天）會變得堅(jiān)實(shí)無比，此時再進(jìn)行打磨就會變得異常困難。因此，建議刮過膩?zhàn)又?-2天便開始進(jìn)行膩?zhàn)哟蚰ァ?/p>

打磨可選在夜間，用200瓦以上的電燈泡貼近墻面照明（白天也需要用燈泡找平），邊打磨邊查看平整程度。打磨膩?zhàn)訒r會產(chǎn)生大量粉塵，請?jiān)趫鋈藛T備好口罩，雖然膩?zhàn)?、無害，但粉塵卻不是什么好東西，要注意預(yù)防。

6. Sanding putty: After the water-resistant putty has fully set (5-7 days), it becomes extremely hard, making sanding extremely difficult. Therefore, it is recommended to start sanding the putty 1-2 days after scraping it. Sanding can be done at night, using a light bulb of 200 watts or more to illuminate the wall surface (a light bulb is also needed for leveling during the day). While sanding, check the levelness. Sanding putty generates a lot of dust, so personnel on site should prepare masks. Although the putty itself is harmless, the dust is not good, so precautions should be taken.

7、刷底漆

　　清理打磨后的膩?zhàn)颖砻娴母m后，便可以涂刷底漆。底漆涂刷一遍即可，務(wù)必均勻，待其干透后（2-4小時）可以進(jìn)行下一步驟。

7. Applying PrimerAfter cleaning the dust off the polished putty surface, the primer can be applied. The primer should be applied evenly in one coat, and the next step can be carried out after it dries completely (2-4 hours).