其實(shí)在日常施工中，我們對(duì)砂漿的認(rèn)識(shí)可能不是那么透徹，從而導(dǎo)致各種問(wèn)題。如果我們對(duì)砂漿有足夠的了解，或許可以避免很多問(wèn)題。今天小編就來(lái)分析一下建材砂漿技術(shù)中的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。

In fact, in daily construction, our understanding of mortar may not be so thorough, resulting in various problems. If we know enough about mortar, many problems may be avoided. Today, I will analyze several problems in the technology of building materials mortar.

1、抹面砂漿是用什么材料做的？它們通常用于什么？

1. What material is the plastering mortar made of? What are they commonly used for?

砂漿由無(wú)機(jī)膠凝材料、細(xì)骨料和水組成，有時(shí)還摻入一些外加劑。砂漿常用于砌筑（如磚、石、砌塊）結(jié)構(gòu)、建筑物內(nèi)外表面（如墻壁、地板、天花板）的抹灰、大型墻板、砌筑墻體的接縫、裝飾材料的粘接.結(jié)等。

The mortar is composed of inorganic cementitious materials, fine aggregate and water, and sometimes some admixtures are added. Mortar is commonly used in masonry (such as brick, stone, block) structures, plastering of internal and external surfaces of buildings (such as walls, floors, ceilings), large wall panels, joints of masonry walls, and bonding of decorative materials Knot, etc.

2、混合砂漿應(yīng)具備哪些性能？

2. What properties should the mixed mortar have?

混合砂漿應(yīng)具有以下性能：滿(mǎn)足和易性要求；滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)型式和強(qiáng)度等級(jí)要求；有足夠的凝聚力。

The mixed mortar shall have the following properties: meet the workability requirements; Meet the design type and strength grade requirements; Have enough cohesion.

3、砌筑砂漿有哪些特性？砂漿和易性包括什么？

3. What are the characteristics of masonry mortar? What is the workability of mortar?

砌筑砂漿的性能包括砂漿的和易性、砂漿的強(qiáng)度和砂漿的凝聚力。砂漿和易性包括流動(dòng)性和保水性。

The performance of masonry mortar includes the workability, strength and cohesion of mortar. Workability of mortar includes fluidity and water retention.

4、什么是砂漿的流動(dòng)性，其影響因素有哪些？

4. What is the fluidity of mortar and what are the influencing factors?

砂漿的流動(dòng)性又稱(chēng)稠度，是指在自重或外力作用下流動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)，用“下沉度”表示。沉降度大，砂漿流動(dòng)性大，但流動(dòng)性過(guò)大，硬化后強(qiáng)度降低；流動(dòng)性太小，施工操作不方便。

The fluidity of mortar, also known as consistency, refers to the performance of flow under the action of self weight or external force, which is expressed by "subsidence". The mortar with high sedimentation has high fluidity, but the fluidity is too high, and the strength decreases after hardening; The fluidity is too small and the construction operation is inconvenient.

砂漿的流動(dòng)性與砌筑材料的種類(lèi)、施工條件和氣候條件有關(guān)。對(duì)于多孔吸水砌筑材料和干熱天氣，要求砂漿的流動(dòng)性較大；相反，對(duì)于致密的不吸水材料和潮濕寒冷的天氣，流動(dòng)性要求要小一些。

The fluidity of mortar is related to the type of masonry materials, construction conditions and climatic conditions. For porous water absorbing masonry materials and dry and hot weather, the fluidity of mortar is required to be large; On the contrary, for dense non absorbent materials and wet and cold weather, the fluidity requirements are smaller.

5、砂漿的保水性是什么，砂漿的保水性是什么，有什么要求？

5. What is the water retention of mortar, what is the water retention of mortar, and what are the requirements?

新拌砂漿的保水能力稱(chēng)為保水性，保水性也指砂漿中的組成物質(zhì)不易分離的性質(zhì)。砂漿的保水性用“分層度”表示。分層度好在10-20mm之間，不宜大于30mm。分層度大于30mm的砂漿容易離析，施工不便；分層度接近于零的砂漿容易出現(xiàn)收縮裂縫。

The water holding capacity of fresh mortar is called water holding capacity, which also refers to the property that the constituent substances in the mortar are not easy to separate. The water retention of mortar is expressed by "layering degree". The layering degree is better between 10-20mm and should not be greater than 30mm. The mortar with a layering degree greater than 30mm is easy to separate and inconvenient for construction; The mortar with stratification close to zero is prone to shrinkage cracks.

6、影響砂漿強(qiáng)度的因素有哪些？

6. What are the factors that affect the strength of mortar?

影響砂漿強(qiáng)度的因素很多。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在原材料質(zhì)量不變的情況下，砂漿的強(qiáng)度主要取決于水泥的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)和水泥用量。

There are many factors that affect the strength of mortar. The results show that the strength of mortar mainly depends on the strength grade of cement and the amount of cement when the quality of raw materials remains unchanged.

7、砌筑濟(jì)南抹面砂漿的附著力有哪些影響？

7. What are the effects of the adhesion of masonry Jinan plastering mortar?

砌筑砂漿的粘結(jié)力隨強(qiáng)度的增加而增加。砂漿強(qiáng)度等級(jí)越高，內(nèi)聚力越大。砂漿的附著力與砌體的表面狀態(tài)、清潔度、濕潤(rùn)度和施工維護(hù)條件有關(guān)。因此，砌筑前磚應(yīng)澆水潤(rùn)濕，含水率應(yīng)控制在10%～15%左右，表面不得沾土，以提高砂漿與磚的附著力。并確保砌筑質(zhì)量。

The bond strength of masonry mortar increases with the increase of strength. The higher the strength grade of mortar, the greater the cohesion. The adhesion of mortar is related to the surface state, cleanliness, humidity and construction and maintenance conditions of masonry. Therefore, the bricks shall be watered before masonry, the moisture content shall be controlled at about 10% ~ 15%, and the surface shall not be stained with soil, so as to improve the adhesion between mortar and bricks. And ensure the masonry quality.

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