抹面砂漿開裂的原因主要有以下幾方面：

　　The main reasons for cracking of plastering mortar are as follows:

　　基層處理不當

　　Improper handling at the grassroots level

　　表面不清潔：基層表面附著灰塵、疏松物、脫模劑、油漬等雜物，未有效清除干凈，會影響抹面砂漿與基層的粘結，導致砂漿層與基層脫離，從而產生裂縫。

　　Surface uncleanliness: Dust, loose materials, release agents, oil stains and other debris adhere to the surface of the base layer. If not thoroughly removed, it will affect the bonding between the plastering mortar and the base layer, causing the mortar layer to detach from the base layer and resulting in cracks.

　　平整度偏差大：墻面平整度偏差太大，一次抹灰太厚，砂漿在干燥過程中由于重力作用和收縮不均勻，容易與基層脫離或自身產生裂縫。

　　Large flatness deviation: The wall flatness deviation is too large, and the plastering is too thick at once. During the drying process, the mortar is prone to detachment from the base layer or cracks due to gravity and uneven shrinkage.

　　界面處理不佳：基面過于光滑，未做界面處理或界面處理不當，不能抑制砂漿的干縮，使砂漿層與基層之間的粘結力不足，容易引發開裂。

　　Poor interface treatment: The base surface is too smooth, without interface treatment or improper interface treatment, which cannot suppress the drying shrinkage of the mortar, resulting in insufficient bonding force between the mortar layer and the base layer, which is prone to cracking.

　　砂漿材料問題

　　Mortar material issues

　　配合比不合理：砂漿和易性、保水性差，硬化后粘結強度低，容易導致抹面層開裂。此外，各層抹灰層配比相差太大，也會使砂漿的收縮率不一致，產生裂縫。

　　Unreasonable mix proportion: Poor workability and water retention of mortar, low bonding strength after hardening, which can easily lead to cracking of the plaster layer. In addition, the significant difference in the proportion of each plastering layer can also result in inconsistent shrinkage rates of the mortar, leading to cracks.

　　材料質量不佳：砂子含泥量過大或太細，水泥質量不穩定，摻合料摻量過高或砂率太低等，都會影響砂漿的性能，增加開裂的風險。

　　Poor material quality: sand with excessive or too fine mud content, unstable cement quality, high admixture content or low sand ratio can all affect the performance of mortar and increase the risk of cracking.

　　施工操作不當

　　Improper construction operation

　　未分層抹灰：沒有按照規范要求進行分層抹灰，一次抹灰太厚，或者分層抹灰時各層間隔時間過短，打底的砂漿還沒有終凝就抹第二層砂漿，容易因塑性收縮等原因產生裂紋。

　　Untamed plastering: Failure to apply layer by layer plastering according to the specification requirements, excessive thickness of one layer plastering, or short interval between layers during layer by layer plastering, and applying the second layer of mortar before the final setting of the base mortar, can easily cause cracks due to plastic shrinkage and other reasons.

　　壓光時間掌握不準：抹面未收水前就進行壓光，或者壓光時砂漿已硬化，用力搓抹，都會破壞砂漿的表面結構，導致裂縫。

　　Inaccurate control of calendering time: calendering before the surface is finished or if the mortar has already hardened during calendering and is rubbed hard, it will damage the surface structure of the mortar and cause cracks.

　　養護不及時或不足：抹灰完成后，沒有及時進行養護或養護時間太短，砂漿在干燥過程中水分蒸發過快，收縮加劇，容易產生裂縫。

　　Delayed or insufficient maintenance: After plastering is completed, if the maintenance is not carried out in a timely manner or the maintenance time is too short, the moisture of the mortar evaporates too quickly during the drying process, the shrinkage is intensified, and cracks are easily generated.

　　環境因素影響

　　Environmental factors have an impact

　　溫度變化：在溫度差異較大的環境下，砂漿會因熱脹冷縮產生應力，當應力超過砂漿的承受能力時，就會導致開裂。

　　Temperature changes: In environments with large temperature differences, mortar will experience stress due to thermal expansion and contraction. When the stress exceeds the mortar's bearing capacity, it will lead to cracking.

　　濕度變化：基層過于潮濕或環境濕度變化大，砂漿在凝固過程中，一部分水與水泥發生化學反應，其余的水被蒸發掉，水蒸發后砂漿體積收縮，容易造成開裂。

　　Humidity changes: If the base layer is too humid or the environmental humidity changes greatly, during the solidification process of the mortar, a part of the water reacts chemically with the cement, and the rest of the water evaporates. After the water evaporates, the volume of the mortar shrinks, which can easily cause cracking.

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